Quantum Supremacy: Readiness, Risks, and Global Initiatives in Digital Security and Infrastructure

Abstract

This paper examines the readiness of countries and organizations for quantum supremacy, expected by 2033 or sooner. As quantum computers threaten modern encryption systems, we investigate current research progress, global initiatives for infrastructure preparation, and associated risks and mitigation measures. Using resources like Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library, we conduct a literature review on quantum computing advancements. The study applies the Technology Acceptance Model to assess quantum computer adoption and uses the Pareto principle to analyse the top 20% of wealthy and upper-middle-income nations. We also present a case study on the United States' efforts. By exploring measures to protect digital spaces and prevent unauthorized access, this work contributes to assessing global preparedness for quantum supremacy.